p-Block Elements (Class 11): Groups 13 and 14
Class 11 · Chemistry p-Block Elements (Class 11): Groups 13 and 14 Two groups, one recurring theme — the first element behaves differently from the rest, and the reason is always the same three factors. Class 11 · CBSE & ISC · Concept The short answer: Down both groups the +3 or +4 state becomes less stable and the lower state more stable, because of the inert pair effect. The first element of each group behaves anomalously due to small size, high electronegativity and the absence of d orbitals — which is why it cannot expand its octet. The two…