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Explanation:
A 180° rotation about the carbonyl carbon–carbon bond converts one structure into the other. Since the two structures are interconvertible by simple rotation and no bond breaking is required, they represent the same molecule and are therefore identical, not enantiomers or diastereomers.
Explanation:
The substituents at each chiral centre are numbered according to the CIP priority rules. The atom with the highest atomic number is assigned the highest priority. After orienting the lowest priority group away from the observer, the sequence of remaining substituents is traced. Both stereocentres show a clockwise arrangement, leading to R-configuration at positions 1 and 4.
Explanation:
The substituents at each chiral centre are numbered according to the CIP priority rules. The atom with the highest atomic number is assigned the highest priority. After orienting the lowest priority group away from the observer, the sequence of remaining substituents is traced. Both stereocentres show a clockwise arrangement, leading to R-configuration at positions 1 and 4.
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Explanation:
The t-butyl group is extremely bulky and therefore strongly prefers the equatorial position to avoid 1,3-diaxial interactions. Hence, at C-1 the t-butyl group is equatorial.
Since the substituents are trans-1,3-disubstituted, when one substituent is equatorial, the other must be axial. Therefore, the methyl group at C-3 occupies the axial position.
(1) Cr(II)/Ru(III)
(2) Cr(II)/Co(III)
The rate of acceleration in going from an outer-sphere to an inner-sphere mechanism is lower for (1) relative to (2). Its correct explanation is:
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